Pharmacology

Which one of the following local / regional anesthetics agents has the longest duration of effect ?
a. Lidiocaine ( Xylocaine)
b. Tetracaine (Pontocaine)*
c. Mepivicaine (Carbocaine)
d. Bupivocaine (Marcaine)
e. Procaine hydrochloride (Novocaine)

Anatomy and Embryology
Regarding the retina, all of the followings are true except
a. the sensory layers and the pigmented epithelium are loosely attached to each other.
b. it is thickest near the optic nerve.
c. the fovea represents 5 degrees of the visual field.
d. the foveola is 0.35 mm in diameter.
e. the macula lutea is 3 mm in diameter*.

 Microbiology
All of the following statements regarding Mycobacteria are true except:
a. Are non-motile, non-capsulated, non-sporing obligate aerobes
b. Induce a type IV hypersensitivity reaction
c. Cause orbital cellulitis
d. Cause ulcerative keratitis
e Are easily destroyed by drying*

Physiology
Corneal physiology, one is true:
a. The cornea is a barrier to electromagnetic radiation of a wave length greater than 300nm.
b. Throughout the visible spectrum, corneal transmission is almost 100%*.
c. The corneal endothelial cells and Descemet's membrane have different indices of refraction.
d. The corneal epithelium is impermeable to lipid soluble substances.
e. Increased intraocular pressure leads to stromal edema before epithelial edema.

Optics and refraction
A patient wears + 3.00 + 2.25 x 60ْ. If all of her astigmatism is corneal, what could her keratometry measures?
a. 38.50 D at 120ْ, 43.75 at 30ْ
b. 40.00 D at 60ْ, 42.25 D at 150ْ
c. 45.75 D at 30ْ, 48.00 D at 120ْ
d. 41.25 D at 150ْ, 43.50 D at 60ْ*
e. 38.00 D at 60ْ , 42.25 D at 120

Pathology
About eye lid tumors. One is false
a. Seborrheic keratosis is an intraepidermal proliferation of benign basal cells
b. Morpheaform basal cell carcinoma is the commonest histological presentation*
c. Sebaceous cell carcinoma arises mainly from meibomian glands
d. Epidermoid cysts of the eyelid does not have pilosebaceous units in their walls
e. Actinic keratosis most often seen in older fair-skinned males

نموذج الأمتحان للجزء الثاني

Neurophthalmology
All are true for Myasthenia gravis, except
a. 60 % of patients present with ocular features
b. Tensilon test has 50 % sensitivity*
c. 50 % of ocular MG progress to generalized
d. Thymectomy is done for generalized MG
e. Hypotension is the side effect of tensilon test

Vitreoretinal
The ophthalmic findings of central serous chorioretinopathy include the followings except
a. Serous retinal detachment
b. Pigment epithelial detachment
c. Subretinal precipitates
d. Retinal pigment epithelial atrophic changes
e. Turbid subretinal fluid*


Oculoplastic and Orbit
The least protected site of the globe by the orbit, and thus most vulrenable to trauma is:
a. Superiorly
b. Laterally*
c. Inferiorly
d. Medially
e. The globe is equally protected on all four sides

Glaucoma and Cataract
Abnormally heavy trabecular meshwork pigmenta¬tion is associated with all of the following except:
a. pseudoexfoliation.
b. pigment dispersion.
c. previous trauma or surgery.
d. anterior segment dysgenesis*.
e. previous inflammation or uveal melanoma

Secondary angle closure with pupillary block is the usual mechanism for glaucoma in each of the following except :
a. An intumescent lens
b. Plateu Iris*
c. Microspherophakia
d. Uveitis
e. Ectopia lentis

Uveitis and Systemic Diseases
In differential diagnosis of Reiter`s syndrome versus ankylosing spondylitis, one of the followings is false
a. Sacroiliitis is present in 60% of Reiter`s syndrome patients
b. HLA-27 is positive in 90% of ankylosing spondylitis
c. The incidence of iritis is the same in both conditions
d. Conjunctivitis is present in ankylosing spondylitis*
e. Urethritis is common in Reiter`s syndrome

Pediatric ophthalmology and strabismus
A 4 year old girl with intermittent exotropia would be most likely to demonstrate all the following except
a. Usually improve with regard to frequency and magnitude of deviation*
b. Anomalous retinal correspondence may occur
c. The angle of deviation may vary according to changes in the accommodative convergence
d. High accommodative convergence to accommodation (AC/A) is usually present.
e. Minus lenses may be used to stimulate accommodative convergence


Cornea And External Eye diseases
Marginal corneal infiltrates are seen in all the following conditions except:
a. Contact lens wear
b. Trauma
c. Uveitis
d. Blephacoconjunctivitis
e. Endophthalmitis